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If is a normal subgroup of , there is a short exact sequence . And conversely, given and , the possible such short exact sequences are classified by appropriate actions and group cohomology.
Is there any analogous classification in the case when is not normal? Then is no longer a group, but we can still recover the underlying set of as isomorphic to ; is there any vaguely cohomological way to encode the group structure of in terms of a subgroup and a set ?
I haven't seen the thing you're looking for.
Darn, you were my best hope.
Sorry, it's an interesting idea but I haven't seen "abnormal group cohomology".