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Is there an established name for a compact closed category in which every object is self-dual? (I suspect that unlike ordinary compact closedness this is additional structure on a symmetric monoidal category.)
In the literature this is often called a "self dual compact closed category".
I think this terminology is justified as opposed to merely saying a compact closed category with self dual objects because the transpose becomes a dagger functor, thus it is actually isomorphic to its opposite category. However, I don't know if a self dual category which happens to be compact closed is automatically "self dual compact closed" in this sense.
Cole Comfort said:
However, I don't know if a self dual category which happens to be compact closed is automatically "self dual compact closed" in this sense.
The category of dualizable (i.e. finitely-generated and projective) modules over a ring is equivalent to its own opposite category, but it's not always the case that the dual of a module is isomorphic to itself (although I don't have any good examples of this in my head).
Any compact closed category is equivalent to its opposite by the dualization functor, and by fattening up the category you can make that equivalence into an isomorphism. So I don't think "self dual compact closed category" is a good name. I had thought of "locally-self-dual compact closed category".
(By analogy with "locally presentable category", whose objects are presentable.)
"Locally" is one of the most egregiously overloaded terms in category theory. That said, I don't have an alternative suggestion for the moment :)